In these cases, an accurate electric model of the electrodes including self and mutual impedances is fundamental. These parameters can be known with greater certainty than the soil resistivity because in the frequency range we are interested in, these parameters depend weakly on the soil properties.
Moreover, taking into account self and mutual impedance effects, allows to overcome the equipotential condition of the electrodes on which standard GSA is based.
This allows the analysis of electrodes whose size are comparable with the wavelength as better specified in the following.
A few competitors take into account self impedance and a very few competitors consider the mutual impedance effects and this can lead to significant errors in calculations.
With the equipotential condition hypothesis, the maximum touch voltage is widely underestimated and this may result in grounding system oversizing with additional cost sink even 50%. Neglecting the mutual impedances can lead to errors over the 20% in calculations. GSA_FD can allow a significant cost saving in grounding system construction and materials.
GSA_FD can be used in the frequency domain range from DC to 10 MHz and then the calculation accuracy gradually decreases but results are often reliable over 10 MHz and positive tests have been made up to 50 MHz.
GSA_FD can also import earth grid data from “dxf” files delivering professional numerical and graphical output useful for investigation of GPR and potential, current, leakage current, earth potential, touch and step voltage distributions.
In DC conditions GSA_FD is a good tool for cathodic protection and anode bed analysis with impressed current systems.
GSA_FD can also calculate magnetic fields due to grounding systems or cable, and electromagnetic interference (induced current and potential due to resistive, capacitive and inductive coupling) between grounding systems or cable and pipeline or buried electrodes in general.
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